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A volcano is an opening in the ground. Hot melted rock, ash and steam can come out of it.

Deep under the ground, rock can get so hot that it melts. Melted rock under the ground is called magma. When it comes out of a volcano, we call it lava.

Lava is very, very hot: much hotter than an oven. Glowing yellow lava is hotter than red lava.

Some volcanoes let runny lava flow out slowly, like in Hawaii. Others explode and blow ash high into the sky.

Experiment: Fizzy model volcano

1. Stand the bottle in the tray and build a mountain of sand or dough around it. Leave the top open.
2. Put 2 spoons of baking soda and a squirt of washing-up liquid into the bottle.
3. Guess: what will happen when we add the vinegar?
4. The teacher pours the vinegar into the bottle. Stand back and watch!
5. Try again with only 1 spoon of baking soda. Is the 'eruption' bigger or smaller?

Baking soda	Our guess	What we saw
2 spoons
1 spoon

Questions

1. Draw a volcano. Label the magma, the lava and the ash.

   🍎

2. In our model, was the 'eruption' bigger with 2 spoons or with 1 spoon of baking soda?

   2 spoons / 1 spoon

3. What is the difference between magma and lava?

Sources for every fact on this sheet: echoesof.science/school/volcanoes/sources/

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